Recommended reading
Lauga, E. & Powers, T. R. (2009). The hydrodynamics of swimming microorganisms. Rep. Prog. Phys. 72, 096601.
Elgeti, J., Winkler, R. G. & Gompper, G. (2015). Physics of microswimmers—single particle motion and collective behavior: a review. Rep. Prog. Phys. 78, 056601.
Guasto, J. S., Rusconi, R. & Stocker, R. (2012). Fluid mechanics of planktonic microorganisms. Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. 44, 373–400.
Brumley, D. R., Wan, K. Y., Polin, M. & Goldstein, R. E. (2014). Flagellar synchronization through direct hydrodynamic interactions. eLife 3, e02750.
Wan, K. Y. & Goldstein, R. E. (2016). Coordinated beating of algal flagella is mediated by basal coupling. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 113, E2784–E2793.
Bruot, N. & Cicuta, P. (2016). Realizing the physics of motile cilia synchronization with driven colloids. Annu. Rev. Condens. Matter Phys. 7, 323–348.
Kanale, A. V., Ling, F., Guo, H., Fürthauer, S. & Kanso, E. (2022). Spontaneous phase coordination and fluid pumping in model ciliary carpets. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 119, e2214413119.
Hilfinger, A., Chattopadhyay, A. K. & Jülicher, F. (2009). Nonlinear dynamics of cilia and flagella. Phys. Rev. E 79, 051918.
Striegler, M., Diez, S., Friedrich, B. M. & Geyer, V. F. (2025). Twist–torsion coupling in beating axonemes. Nat. Phys. 21, 599–607.
Selvan, S. A., Duck, P. W., Pihler-Puzovič, D. & Brumley, D. R. (2023). Point torque representations of ciliary flows. Phys. Rev. Fluids 8, 123103.
Selvan, S. A., Duck, P. W., Pihler-Puzovič, D. & Brumley, D. R. (2025). Mass transport by ciliary point torques in flow. J. Fluid Mech. 1007, A14.
Selvan, S. A., Pacherres, C. O., Kühl, M., Butler, A., Dhillon, M. S., Blackall, L. L., Duck, P. W., Pihler-Puzovič, D. & Brumley, D. R. (2026). Unravelling three-dimensional active transport by ciliary arrays on coral surfaces. PRX Life 4, 023020.
Eloy, C. (2024). Hydrodynamics of flow sensing in plankton. Eur. Phys. J. Spec. Top. 233, 2733–2741.